Guava EventBus 使用介绍及自实现详解

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Guava EventBus，内存级别消息发布/订阅模型

使用 guava 工具，先在 pom 中引入依赖：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.guava/guava/

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<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
    <version>29.0-jre</version>
</dependency>

Guava EventBus 的使用

简单使用

先编写监听者：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:08
 * @description:
 */
public class GoogleEventBusListener {

    @Subscribe
    public void method1(String event) {
        System.out.println("GoogleEventBusListener.method1, event = " + event);
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void method2(Integer event) {
        System.out.println("GoogleEventBusListener.method2, event = " + event);
    }
}

再创建 EventBus 对象，将上述监听者注册到 EventBus 对象实例中，调用 post() 发送消息即可：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:08
 * @description: EventBus 简单示例
 */
public class SimpleEventBusExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();

        // 监听器注册到 eventBus
        eventBus.register(new GoogleEventBusListener());

        // 发送消息
        eventBus.post("this message from eventBus");
        eventBus.post(200);
    }

}

EventBus 构造函数中，如果不显示指定名称，则使用：default 作为默认名称。

注意：消息类型必须是包装类型，不能是基本数据类型。

多个监听者存在继承关系

当只注册监听器中的父类中也监听了某些消息的时候，父类的监听方法也会执行。如果父类的监听方法被子类覆盖监听，则只执行子类监听器的方法。

类监听器：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:18
 * @description: 父类监听器
 */
public class FatherListener {

    @Subscribe
    public void accept(String event) {
        System.out.println("FatherListener.accept, event = " + event);
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void consume(String event) {
        System.out.println("FatherListener.consume, event = " + event);
    }
}

子类监听器：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:19
 * @description: 子类监听器
 */
public class ChildListener extends FatherListener {

    @Subscribe
    @Override
    public void accept(String event) {
        System.out.println("ChildListener.accept, event = " + event);
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void consumeTask(String event) {
        System.out.println("ChildListener.consumeTask, event = " + event);
    }
}

注册监听器并发送消息：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:21
 * @description: 多个监听器监听消息
 * 当只注册监听器中的父类中也监听了某些消息的时候，父类的监听方法也会执行。
 * 如果父类的监听方法被子类覆盖监听，则只执行子类监听器的方法
 *
 */
public class MultipleListenerExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
        // 监听器注册到 eventBus
        eventBus.register(new ChildListener());

        // 发送消息
        eventBus.post("this message from eventBus");
    }
}

日志输出：

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ChildListener.accept, event = this message from eventBus
ChildListener.consumeTask, event = this message from eventBus
FatherListener.consume, event = this message from eventBus

多个事件存在继承关系

event 如果有父类，此时某个监听器监听的event是这个基类，那么消息是这个子类的时候，该监听父类的监听器方法也会执行。

父类事件对象：

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import com.google.gson.Gson;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:33
 * @description: 父类事件对象
 */
public class FruitEvent {

    String name;

    public FruitEvent() {

    }

    public FruitEvent(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new Gson().toJson(this);
    }
}

子类事件对象：

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import com.google.gson.Gson;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:35
 * @description: 子类事件对象
 */
public class AppleEvent extends FruitEvent {

    public AppleEvent() {
    }

    public AppleEvent(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new Gson().toJson(this);
    }

}

监听器对象：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:32
 * @description: 一个监听子类对象，一个监听父类对象
 */
public class SimpleListener {

    @Subscribe
    public void acceptFruitEvent(FruitEvent fruitEvent) {
        System.out.println("SimpleListener.acceptFruitEvent => fruitEvent " + fruitEvent);
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void acceptAppleEvent(AppleEvent appleEvent) {
        System.out.println("SimpleListener.acceptAppleEvent => appleEvent " + appleEvent);
    }
}

单元测试：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:32
 * @description: event 如果有父类，此时某个监听器监听的event是这个基类，
 * 那么消息是这个子类的时候，该监听父类的监听器方法也会执行
 */
public class MultipleEventExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();

        eventBus.register(new SimpleListener());

        eventBus.post(new AppleEvent("apple"));

        eventBus.post(new FruitEvent("fruit"));
    }
}

日志输出：

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SimpleListener.acceptAppleEvent => appleEvent {"name":"apple"}
SimpleListener.acceptFruitEvent => fruitEvent {"name":"apple"}
SimpleListener.acceptFruitEvent => fruitEvent {"name":"fruit"}

异常处理

多个监听器同时监听相同消息，其中一个监听器有异常，那么不会影响其他监听器消费消息。可以在EventBus构造函数中传入一个异常处理器，当监听器有异常抛出时，会执行这个异常处理器。

思考点：如果异常处理很长时间，会不会导致后面的监听器等待执行？

异常处理器：

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import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
import com.google.common.eventbus.SubscriberExceptionContext;
import com.google.common.eventbus.SubscriberExceptionHandler;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:54
 * @description: 异常处理器
 */
public class MySubscriberExceptionHandler implements SubscriberExceptionHandler {

    @Override
    public void handleException(Throwable exception, SubscriberExceptionContext context) {
        System.out.println("======== handleException start =========");
        System.out.println("exception => " + Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(exception));
        System.out.println("EventBus => " + context.getEventBus());
        System.out.println("Subscriber => " + context.getSubscriber().getClass().getName());
        System.out.println("SubscriberMethod => " + context.getSubscriberMethod());
        System.out.println("======== handleException end =========");
    }
}

监听器对象：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:49
 * @description:
 */
public class MyListener {

    @Subscribe
    public void method1(Integer sum) {
        System.out.println("MyListener.method1 => " + sum);
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void method2(Integer sum) {
        System.out.println("MyListener.method2 => " + sum);
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void method3(Integer sum) {
        int i = sum / 0;
        System.out.println("MyListener.method3 => " + sum);
    }

}

单元测试：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 22:48
 * @description: 多个监听器同时监听相同消息，其中一个监听器有异常，那么不会影响其他监听器消费消息
 * 可以在EventBus构造函数中传入一个异常处理器，当监听器有异常抛出时，会执行这个异常处理器
 *
 * 思考点：如果异常处理很长时间，会不会导致后面的监听器等待执行
 *
 */
public class ExceptionListenerExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        EventBus eventBus = new EventBus(new MySubscriberExceptionHandler());

        eventBus.register(new MyListener());

        eventBus.post(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
}

日志输出：

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MyListener.method2 => 2147483647
MyListener.method1 => 2147483647
======== handleException start =========
exception => java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	…… // 打印日志栈信息

EventBus => EventBus{default}
Subscriber => org.woodwhales.guava.eventbus.demo4.MyListener
SubscriberMethod => public void org.woodwhales.guava.eventbus.demo4.MyListener.method3(java.lang.Integer)
======== handleException end =========

DeadEvent 实现类型

监听器监听 DeadEvent 类型事件：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.DeadEvent;
import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 23:05
 * @description:
 */
public class DeadEventListener {

    @Subscribe
    public void handle(DeadEvent deadEvent) {
        System.out.println("DeadEventListener.handle deadEvent => " + deadEvent);
        System.out.println("DeadEventListener.handle event => " + deadEvent.getEvent());
        System.out.println("DeadEventListener.handle source => " + deadEvent.getSource());
    }
}

单元测试：

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import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.2 23:07
 * @description: 监听DeadEvent消息类型，那么可以从这个DeadEvent对象中获取事件源和eventBus
 */
public class DeadEventExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventBus eventBus = new EventBus("DEAD-EVENT-BUS");

        eventBus.register(new DeadEventListener());

        eventBus.post("message");
    }
}

日志输出：

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DeadEventListener.handle deadEvent => DeadEvent{source=EventBus{DEAD-EVENT-BUS}, event=message}
DeadEventListener.handle event => message
DeadEventListener.handle source => EventBus{DEAD-EVENT-BUS}

自实现 EventBus

Bus 接口设计

自己实现一个 EventBus 前需要先设计好需要多少功能，即多核心少接口：将监听者注册bus，将监听者从bus中移除，发送消息，发送带有主题的消息，获取当前 bus 名称等：

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/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 13:55
 * @description: Bus 接口
 */
public interface MyBus {

    /**
     * 注册到 bus
     * @param subscriber 订阅者
     */
    void register(Object subscriber);

    /**
     * 从bus中取消注册
     * @param subscriber
     */
    void unRegister(Object subscriber);

    /**
     * 发送消息
     * @param event
     */
    void post(Object event);

    /**
     * 发送消息
     * @param event
     * @param topic
     */
    void post(Object event, String topic);


    /**
     * 关闭bus
     */
    void close();

    /**
     * 获取当前bus名称
     * @return
     */
    String getBusName();

}

Bus 接口实现

实现 Bus 接口，重要的是怎么来保存注册到中的监听者，怎么在消息发布者调用 post() 发布消息的时候，根据消息的类型找到对应的要监听的方法并执行，如果有异常处理器，则执行异常处理器。

MyEventBus 实现 MyBus 接口，在其类中增加以下属性：MyEventBus 的构造函数仅仅是设置属性的入口，消息存储和消息消费，均由 MyRegistry 和 MyDispatcher 来执行。

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public class MyEventBus implements MyBus {

    private final MyRegistry registry = new MyRegistry();

    private String busName;

    private static final String DEFAULT_BUS_NAME = "DEFAULT";

    private static final String DEFAULT_TOPIC = "default-topic";

    private final MyDispatcher dispatcher;
    
    public MyEventBus() {
        this(DEFAULT_BUS_NAME, null, MyDispatcher.SEQ_EXECUTOR_SERVICE);
    }

    public MyEventBus(MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler) {
        this(DEFAULT_BUS_NAME, eventExceptionHandler, MyDispatcher.SEQ_EXECUTOR_SERVICE);
    }

    public MyEventBus(String busName, MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler, Executor executor) {
        if(Objects.isNull(busName) || busName.isEmpty()) {
            busName = DEFAULT_BUS_NAME;
        }
        this.busName = busName;
        this.dispatcher = MyDispatcher.newDispatcher(executor, eventExceptionHandler);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void register(Object subscriber) {
        this.registry.bind(subscriber);
    }

    @Override
    public void unRegister(Object subscriber) {
        this.unRegister(subscriber);
    }

    @Override
    public void post(Object event) {
        this.post(event, DEFAULT_TOPIC);
    }

    @Override
    public void post(Object event, String topic) {
        this.dispatcher.dispatch(this, registry, event, topic);
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        this.dispatcher.close();
    }

    @Override
    public String getBusName() {
        return this.busName;
    }
}

Dispatcher 实现

Dispatcher 用于执行消息消费，因此对于 Dispatcher，它需要直到要消费的消息信息及异常处理器：

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import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 14:33
 * @description: 消息执行器
 */
public class MyDispatcher {

    private final Executor executorService;

    private final MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler;

    public static final Executor SEQ_EXECUTOR_SERVICE = SeqExecutorService.INSTANCE;

    public static final Executor PER_THREAD_EXECUTOR_SERVICE = PerThreadExecutorService.INSTANCE;

    private MyDispatcher(Executor executorService, MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler) {
        this.executorService = executorService;
        this.eventExceptionHandler = eventExceptionHandler;
    }

    public void dispatch(MyBus bus, MyRegistry registry, Object event, String topic) {
        ConcurrentLinkedQueue<MySubscriber> subscribers = registry.scanSubscriber(topic);
        if(Objects.isNull(subscribers)) {
            if(Objects.nonNull(eventExceptionHandler)) {
                eventExceptionHandler.handle(new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("The topic [%s] not bind yet", topic)),
                        new DefaultMyContext(bus.getBusName(), null, event));
            }

            return;
        }

        // 遍历所有的监听者，拿到对应的事件参数对象，比对消息的事件类型和监听者参数事件类型是否一致
        subscribers.stream().filter(subscriber -> !subscriber.isDisabled())
                .filter(subscriber -> {
                    Method subscribeMethod = subscriber.getSubscribeMethod();
                    Class<?> parameterTypeClass = subscribeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0];
                    return parameterTypeClass.isAssignableFrom(event.getClass());
                })
                .forEach(subscriber -> invokeRealSubscribe(bus, subscriber, event));
    }

    private void invokeRealSubscribe(MyBus bus, MySubscriber subscriber, Object event) {

        Method subscribeMethod = subscriber.getSubscribeMethod();
        Object subscribeObject = subscriber.getSubscribeObject();

        this.executorService.execute(() -> {
            try {
                subscribeMethod.invoke(subscribeObject, event);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if(Objects.nonNull(this.eventExceptionHandler)) {
                    this.eventExceptionHandler.handle(e, new DefaultMyContext(bus.getBusName(), subscriber, event));
                }
            }
        });
    }


    public static MyDispatcher newDispatcher(Executor executorService, MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler) {
        return new MyDispatcher(executorService, eventExceptionHandler);
    }

    public static MyDispatcher newSeqDispatcher(MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler) {
        return new MyDispatcher(SEQ_EXECUTOR_SERVICE, eventExceptionHandler);
    }

    public static MyDispatcher newPerThreadDispatcher(MyEventExceptionHandler eventExceptionHandler) {
        return new MyDispatcher(PER_THREAD_EXECUTOR_SERVICE, eventExceptionHandler);
    }

    public void close() {
        if(executorService instanceof ExecutorService) {
            ((ExecutorService) executorService).shutdown();
        }
    }

    private static class SeqExecutorService implements Executor {

        private static final SeqExecutorService INSTANCE = new SeqExecutorService();

        @Override
        public void execute(Runnable command) {
            command.run();
        }
    }

    private static class PerThreadExecutorService implements Executor {

        private static final PerThreadExecutorService INSTANCE = new PerThreadExecutorService();

        @Override
        public void execute(Runnable command) {
            new Thread(command).start();
        }
    }

    public static class DefaultMyContext implements MyEventContext {

        private final String busName;

        private final MySubscriber subscriber;

        private final Object event;

        public DefaultMyContext(String busName, MySubscriber subscriber, Object event) {
            this.busName = busName;
            this.subscriber = subscriber;
            this.event = event;
        }

        @Override
        public String getSource() {
            return this.busName;
        }

        @Override
        public Object getSubscriberObject() {
            return Objects.nonNull(subscriber) ? subscriber.getSubscribeObject() : null;
        }

        @Override
        public Method getSubscribeMethod() {
            return Objects.nonNull(subscriber) ? subscriber.getSubscribeMethod() : null;
        }

        @Override
        public Object getEvent() {
            return this.event;
        }
    }
}

MyRegistry 实现

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import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 14:04
 * @description: 已订阅bus的订阅者容器对象
 */
public class MyRegistry {

    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, ConcurrentLinkedQueue<MySubscriber>> subscriberContainer = new ConcurrentHashMap<> ();

    /**
     * 绑定
     * @param subscriber
     */
    public void bind(Object subscriber) {
        List<Method> subscriberMethods = getSubscriberMethods(subscriber);
        subscriberMethods.forEach(method -> tireSubscriber(subscriber, method));
    }

    private void tireSubscriber(Object subscriber, Method method) {
        MySubscribe mySubscribe = method.getDeclaredAnnotation(MySubscribe.class);
        String topic = mySubscribe.topic();
        subscriberContainer.computeIfAbsent(topic, key -> new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>());
        subscriberContainer.get(topic).add(new MySubscriber(subscriber, method));
    }

    private List<Method> getSubscriberMethods(Object subscriber) {
        List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<>();

        Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
        while (Objects.nonNull(subscriberClass)) {
            Method[] declaredMethods = subscriberClass.getDeclaredMethods();

            Arrays.stream(declaredMethods).filter(method ->
                method.isAnnotationPresent(MySubscribe.class) &&
                        method.getParameterCount() == 1 &&
                        method.getModifiers() == Modifier.PUBLIC
            ).forEach(methods::add);

            // 获取当前 subscriber 的父类
            subscriberClass = subscriberClass.getSuperclass();
        }

        return methods;
    }

    /**
     * 解绑
     * @param subscriber
     */
    public void unBind(Object subscriber) {
        subscriberContainer.forEach((key, queue) -> {
            queue.forEach(subscriberItem -> {
                if(subscriberItem.getSubscribeObject() == subscriber) {
                    subscriberItem.setDisabled(false);
                }
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * 根据topic获取已经绑定的监听对象
     * @param topic
     * @return
     */
    public ConcurrentLinkedQueue<MySubscriber> scanSubscriber(final String topic) {
        return subscriberContainer.get(topic);
    }

}

EventExceptionHandler 异常处理器

当有异常发生时，用户可以自己实现异常处理器接口，当有异常发生时会回调该接口：

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/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 14:14
 * @description: 异常处理器
 */
public interface MyEventExceptionHandler {

    /**
     * 对 event 异常处理
     * @param cause
     * @param eventContext
     */
    void handle(Throwable cause, MyEventContext eventContext);

}

消息上下文对象

异常产生，需要告知消费者，产生异常的相关上下文：

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import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 14:28
 * @description:
 */
public interface MyEventContext {

    String getSource();

    Object getSubscriberObject();

    Method getSubscribeMethod();

    Object getEvent();

}

Subscribe 监听器注解

监听器注解用于标记要监听并执行的方法：

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/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 15:00
 * @description: 自定义监听器订阅方法注解
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface MySubscribe {

    String topic() default "default-topic";
}

监听者信息对象

为了便于管理监听者对象，需要对监听者的信息进行封装，并存储到 MyRegistry 的 ConcurrentHashMap<> 容器中：

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import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * @projectName: guava
 * @author: woodwhales
 * @date: 20.7.4 15:05
 * @description: 监听者信息对象
 */
public class MySubscriber {

    private final Object subscribeObject;

    private final Method subscribeMethod;

    private boolean disabled = false;

    public MySubscriber(Object subscribeObject, Method subscribeMethod) {
        this.subscribeObject = subscribeObject;
        this.subscribeMethod = subscribeMethod;
    }

    public Object getSubscribeObject() {
        return subscribeObject;
    }

    public Method getSubscribeMethod() {
        return subscribeMethod;
    }

    public boolean isDisabled() {
        return disabled;
    }

    public void setDisabled(boolean disabled) {
        this.disabled = disabled;
    }
}

小结

自实现一个简单的 EventBus，要涉及到以下核心组件：

核心接口

MyBus

通过构造器接收监听者（使用 @MySubscribe 注解了某些方法）和自定义异常处理器（自实现了 MyEventExceptionHandler 接口）

MyEventExceptionHandler

用于消息过程出现异常时，处理异常

MyEventContext

异常处理过程中，将产生异常的数据封装起来

核心类

MyEventBus

MyBus 接口的实现类，其内部维护了 MyDispatcher 和 MyRegistry。

MyDispatcher

用于真正指定消费逻辑，内部维护了 MyEventExceptionHandler 实现（从 MyEventBus 构造器传入的）。

MyRegistry

用于对所有加了 @MySubscribe 注解的监听者信息进行管理，包括注册和注销。

MySubscriber

对注册的监听者信息进行封装，方便 MyRegistry 存储，也方便 MyDispatcher 消费执行。

核心注解

MySubscribe

提供要监听消息的方法注解标记。

updated updated 2024-09-14 2024-09-14
本文结束感谢阅读

本文标题:Guava EventBus 使用介绍及自实现详解

本文作者:woodwhales

原始链接:https://woodwhales.cn/2020/07/06/072/

许可协议: 署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

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